The active ingredients in acne preparations will determine the mechanism by which the spots are treated. There are a growing range of active ingredients that help address acne, but there are 5 well established compounds that are frequently used. These include:

1.Benzoyl peroxide is by far the most common ingredient in a host of branded acne creams. The concentration of this chemical starts at around 2.5% in low strength creams, peaking at around 5% in some of the stronger treatments. It works by aggressively killing the bacteria that are one of the causes of acne, by releasing oxygen into the pores where the bacteria live and breed. Benzoyl peroxide based creams can cause cause irritation, reddening and flaking of the skin, which is clearly the last thing you need, when trying to treat your acne. This is why it is often better to start with a weak (2.5%) preparation of the treatment, working your way up to 5% as the skin becomes more tolerant.

2.Azelaic acid, is found less frequently than benzoyl peroxide in preparations, but has a very similar mode of working. Many users report less irritation with this treatment, and may therefore be a good choice for those with very sensitive skin. In many countries treatments containing this ingredient are only available through a prescription from your doctor.

3.Nicotinamide is an ingredient related to vitamin B which helps fight bacteria, while having a calming effect on skin.

4.Erythromycin and clindamycin are topical antibiotics often present in acne gels. These antibiotics are often combined with other active ingredients such as benzoyl peroxide. The two in combination provide an effective treatment whereby the antibiotic kills the bacteria, and the disinfectant clears out any remaining resistant bacteria that survive the antibiotic treatment.

5.Retinoids are substances related to vitamin A, and work by preventing the formation of acne lesions around blocked sebaceous glands. They are highly effective and often combined with other ingredients to enhance the overall impact of the cream.

Many of the 5 common active ingredients are combined in a single preparation, to deliver a strong blow to the development of acne. Each component, tackling the problem, from a different perspective. When you combine topical treatments with oral treatments, there is a very good chance that even the most aggressive acne problem, can be treated. Oral acne treatments will be covered in the next article.